HEALTH ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY

References

1.      Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention; Food and Nutrition Board; Institute of Medicine; Glickman D, Parker L, Sim LJ, et al., editors. Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2012.

2.      Wu Y, Lau BD, Bleich S, et al. Future Research Needs for Childhood Obesity Prevention Programs: Identification of Future Research Needs From Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 115 [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 (Future Research Needs Papers, No. 31.).

3.      Erixon F,  Brandt L, Krol M. Investing In Obesity Treatment To Deliver Significant Healthcare Savings: Estimating The Healthcare Costs Of Obesity And The Benefits Of Treatment. European Center for International Political Economy Occasional paper 01/2014, Brussels: Belgium. 2014.

4.      Foresight Report. Tackling Obesities: Future choices – Project report. Government Office for Science, UK government. 2007. Available at http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/foresight/ docs/obesity/17.pdf .

5.      Frühbeck, G, Toplak H, Woodward E, et al.c. Obesity: The Gateway to Ill Health – an EASO Position Statement on a Rising Public Health, Clinical and Scientific Challenge in Europe. Obes Facts 2013;6:117–120.

6.      House of Commons Health Select Committee. Obesity: Third Report of Session 2003/04. The Stationery Office: London, 2004.

7.      Sassi F, Devaux M, Cecchini M,  Rusticelli E. The Obesity Epidemic: Analysis Of Past And Projected Future Trends In Selected OECD Countries.. OECD Health Working Paper, No. 45. 2009.

8.      Sassi F, Cecchini M, Lauer J, Chisholm D. Improving Lifestyles, Tackling Obesity: The Health and Economic Impact of Prevention Strategies. OECD Health Working Papers, No. 48. 2009.

9.      European Society for the Study of Obesity. Obesity. Policymaker Survey 2013. A summary report. Available at http://easo.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/C3_EASO_Survey_A4_LowRes.pdf

10.  Sassi, F, Hurst J. The Prevention of Lifestyle-Related Chronic Diseases: an Economic Framework. OECD Health Working Papers, No. 32. 2008.

11.  Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al, Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980—2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766-81.

12.  WHO Obesity Fact Sheet. Updated August 2014. Available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/.

13.  Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. JAMA. 2014;311(8):806-14.

14.  Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer- and service-specific estimates. Health Aff. 2009; 28:822–31.

15.  Pendergast K, Wolf A, Sherrill Bet al. Impact of waist circumference difference on health-care cost among overweight and obese subjects: the PROCEED cohort. Value Health. 2010; 13(4):402-10.

16.  Cawley J, Meyerhoefer C. The Medical Care Costs of Obesity: An Instrumental Variables Approach. J Health Econ. 2012; 31(1):219-30.

17.  Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, et al. The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9: 88.

18.  Withrow D, Alter DA. The economic burden of obesity worldwide: a systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. Obes Rev. 2011;12(2):131-41.

19.  International Association for the Study of Obesity. Estimated relative risk of disease by BMI category: overweight and obesity. Available at http://www.iaso.org/site_media/uploads/Appendix_Relative_Risk_Assessments_IASO.pdf

20.  American Medical Association.. AMA Adopts New Policies on Second Day of Voting at Annual Meeting. Available at  http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/news/news/2013/2013-06-18-new-ama-policies-annual-meeting.page. Accessed September 4, 2014.

21.  Vieweg VR, Johnston CH, Lanier JO, et al. Correlation between high risk obesity groups and low socioeconomic status in school children. South Med J. 2007;100:8

22.  Lund TB, Sandoe P. Lassen J. Attitudes to Publicly Funded Obesity Treatment and Prevention. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Aug;19(8):1580-5.

23.  Vartanian LR. Disgust and perceived control in attitudes toward obese people. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010;34:1302–1307.

24.  Brochu PM, Esses VM. Weight prejudice and medical policy: support for an ambiguously discriminatory policy is influenced by prejudice-colored glasses. Anal Soc Iss Pub Pol 2009;9:117–133.

25.  Crandall CS, D’Anello S, Sakalli N, Lazarus E, Wieczorkowska G, Feather NT. An attribution-value model of prejudice: Anti-fat attitudes in six nations. Pers Soc Psych Bull 2001;27:30–37

26.  Puhl RM, Heuer CA. The stigma of obesity: a review and update. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17:941-64.

27.  Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutritional, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of the bariatric surgery patient—2013 update: cosponsored by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the Obesity Society, and American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery. Endocr Pract. 2013;19(2):337-72.

28.  Allison DB, Downey M, Atkinson RL, et al. Obesity as a disease: a white paper on evidence and arguments commissioned by the Council of the Obesity Society. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(6)1161-77.

29.  Stern JS, Kazaks A, Downey M. Future and implications of reimbursement for obesity treatment. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105(5 Suppl 1):S104-9.

30.  Simpson LA, Cooper J. Paying for obesity: a changing landscape. Pediatrics. 2009;123 (Suppl):S301-7.

31.  World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Obesity. Available at http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/obesity/obesity. Accessed August 5, 2014.

32.  United Health Foundation, the American Public Health Association and Partnership for Prevention. The future costs of obesity: National and state estimates of the impact of obesity on direct healthcare expenses. 2009. Available at http://www.fightchronicdisease.org/sites/fightchronicdisease.org/files/docs/CostofObesityReport-FINAL.pdf. Accessed September 4, 2014.

33.  Trogdon JG, Finkelstein EA, Hylands T, Dellea PS, Kamal-Bahl SJ. Indirect costs of obesity: a review of the current literature. Obes Rev. 2008; 9(5):489-500.

34.  International Diabetes Federation. IDF Global Burden. http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/the-global-burden. Accessed August 5, 2014.

35.  International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 5th edition, 2012 update. http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/5E_IDFAtlasPoster_2012_EN.pdf. Accessed August 5, 2014.

36.  Rubino F, Shukla A, Pomp A, et al. Bariatric, metabolic, and diabetes surgery: what's in a name? Ann Surg. 2014;259(1):117-22.

37.  Schauer PR, Kashyap SR, Wolski K, et al. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy in obese patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(17):1567-76.

38.  Carlsson LM, Peltonen M, Ahlin S, et al. Bariatric surgery and prevention of type 2 diabetes in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(8):695-704.

39.  Cohen RV, Pinheiro JC, Schiavon CA, et al. Effects of gastric bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes and only mild obesity. Diabetes Care. 2012 ;35(7):1420-8.

40.  Sjöström L, Peltonen M, Jacobson P, et al. Bariatric surgery and long-term cardiovascular events. JAMA. 2012;307(1):56-65.

41.  Cremieux PY, Eapen S, Trask SW, Ghosh A . Weighing the Clinical Benefits and Economic Impact of Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients with Diabetes. Can J Diabetes. 2011;35:89-98.

42.  Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, et al. Bariatric surgery versus conventional medical therapy for type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(17):1577-85.

43.  Shah SS, Todkar JS, Shah PS, Cummings DE. Diabetes remission and reduced cardiovascular risk after gastric bypass in Asian Indians with body mass index <35 kg/m(2). Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010;6(4):332-8.

44.  Bariatric surgery for diabetes deemed Cleveland Clinic’s top medical innovation for 2013. Available at  http://medcitynews.com/2012/10/cleveland-clinic-deems-bariatric-surgery-for-diabetes-the-top-medical-innovation-for-2013/. Accessed September 4, 2014.

45.  Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Overweight and Obesity Viz. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2014. Available from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/obesity. Accessed October 10, 2014.

46.  Dixon JB. Adjustable Gastric Banding and Conventional Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA.  2008. 299(3):316-323.

47.  Bariatric surgery: why only a last resort? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(2):91.

48.  Salem L, Jensen, Flum DR. Are bariatric surgical outcomes worth their cost? A systematic review. J Am Coll Surg. 2005;200(2):270-8.

49.  Song HJ, Kwon JW, Kim YJ, et al. Bariatric surgery for the treatment of severely obese patients in South Korea--is it cost effective? Obes Surg. 2013;23(12):2058-67.

50.  Song HJ, Lee HJ, Lee JY, et al.  Clinical and cost effectiveness of bariatric surgery for obese patients: Economic evaluation in South Korea. Value in Health. 2012;15(4):A78.

51.  Mäklin S, Malmivaara A, Linna M, et al. Cost-utility of bariatric surgery for morbid obesity in Finland. Br J Surg. 2011;98(10):1422-9.

52.  Faria GR, Preto JR, Costa-Maia J. Gastric bypass is a cost-saving procedure: results from a comprehensive Markov model. Obes Surg. 2013;23(4):460-6.

53.  Picot J, Jones J, Colquitt JL, et al. Weight loss surgery for mild to moderate obesity: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Obes Surg. 2012 ;22(9):1496-506.

54.  Pollock RF, Muduma G, Valentine WJ. Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding versus standard medical management in obese patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15(2):121-9.

55.  Nasciben V, Saggia MG. A cost-effectiveness analysis of conventional treatment versus bariatric surgery for obese patients with type-2 diabetes and hypertension as comorbidities. Preliminary results under the Brazilian private payer perspective. Value in Health. 2010;13 (3) :A209.

56.  Hashemi L, Minshall ME. Cost-effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in type 2 diabetes patients in Canada. Value in Health. 2010;13 (3):A59.

57.  Banka G, Wu C, Morton J, Garber A. Comparative effectiveness analysis of bariatric surgery versus medical treatment ALONE for patients with BMIS between 30 and 35. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59 (13 Suppl. 1):E1886.

58.  Cahill AG, Odibo A, Jungheim E, et al. Pre-pregnancy gastric bypass for the morbidly obese: A decision and economic analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 206 (1 Suppl. 1) :S274.

59.  Campbell J, McGarry LJ, Shikora SA, et al. Cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic gastric banding and bypass for morbid obesity. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(7):e174-87.

60.  Chang S-H, Stoll CRT, Colditz GA. Cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery: Should it be universally available? Maturitas. 2011; 69 (3) :230-8.

61.  Hoerger TJ, Zhang P, Segel JE, et al. Cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery for severely obese adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(9):1933-9.

62.  Matsuda T, Hay J. Cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery: Laparoscopic gastric bypass and banding. Value in Health. 2012;15 (4) A77-A78.

63.  Michaud PC, Goldman DP, Lakdawalla DN, et al. The value of medical and pharmaceutical interventions for reducing obesity. J Health Econ. 2012;31(4):630-43.

64.  Wang BC, Sullivan SD, Garrison LP, et al.  Estimating the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery (lap RYGB open RYGB and LAGB) using a decision analytic and forecasting model approach. Obesity. 2011;19 :S125.

65.  Wang BC, Wong ES, Alfonso-Cristancho R, et al. Cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgical procedures for the treatment of severe obesity. Eur J Health Econ. 2014;15(3):253-63.

66.  Henteleff HJ, Birch DW, Hallowell PT; CAGS/ACS Evidence Based Reviews in Surgery Group. Cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery for severely obese adults with diabetes. Can J Surg. 2013;56(5):353-5.

67.  Gripeteg L, Lindroos AK, Peltonen M, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on disability pension in Swedish obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012;36(3):356-62.

68.  Neovius M, Narbro K, Keating C, et al. Health care use during 20 years following bariatric surgery. JAMA. 2012;308(11):1132-41.

69.  Hayashi SY, Faintuch J, França JI, Cecconello I. Four-year hospital resource utilization after bariatric surgery: comparison with clinical and surgical controls. Obes Surg. 2011; 21(9):1355-61.

70.  Nasciben V. Resource use and costs of the gastric bypass surgery versus clinical treatment for obese patients with comorbidities under the Brazilian private health care system. Value in Health. 2010;13 (7):A469.

71.  Bayham BE, Bellanger DE, Greenway FL.  Differences between gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in weight loss and insurance coverage. Obesity. 2011 ;19 :S188.

72.  Hashemi M. Trend in volume and cost of open versus laparoscopic bariatric procedures in the USA 2005-2009.  Surg Endosc. 2011;25( Suppl 1):S243.

73.  Lao WL, Chia J, Globe D. Rates and costs of hospitalization in obese patients with bariatric surgery. Value in Health. 2012;15 (4) :A79-A80.

74.  Leva N, Mortan J. Comparative quality of life effectiveness for bariatric surgery. J Surg Res. 2013;179 (2): 233.

75.  Maciejewski ML, Livingston EH, Smith VA, et al. Health expenditures among high-risk patients after gastric bypass and matched controls. Arch Surg. 2012;147(7):633-40.

76.  Oefelein MG, Lebowitz J, Burgess S. Okerson T. Comparative US claims data in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who have undergone bariatric procedures. Diabetologia. 2011; 54 (suppl 1):S115.

77.  Weiner JP, Goodwin SM, Chang H-Y, et al. Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Health Care Costs of Obese Persons: A 6-Year Follow-up of Surgical and Comparison Cohorts Using Health Plan Data. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(6):555-61.

78.  Lehnert T. Long-term cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery: Systematic literature review. 16th Congress of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders IFSO 2011, Hamburg Germany. Obes Surg. 2011; 21(8) :1063.

79.  Azizi F. Bariatric surgery for obesity and diabetes. Arch Iran Med. 2013;16(3):182-6.

80.  Terranova L, Busetto L, Vestri A, Zappa MA. Bariatric surgery: cost-effectiveness and budget impact. Obes Surg. 2012;22(4):646-53.

81.  Neovius M. Health economics of obesity from a European perspective. Presentation at 18th European Congress on Obesity ECO 2011 Istanbul Turkey. Obes Rev. 2011;12(suppl 1):22.

82.  Aikenhead A,.Knai C,  Lobstein T. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pediatric bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Clin Obes. 2011;1:12–25.

83.  Ashrafian H, Darzi A, Athanasiou T. Bariatric surgery - can we afford to do it or deny doing it? Frontline Gastroenterol. 2011;2(2):82-89.

84.  McCombie L, Lean MEJ, Tigbe W. Cost-effectiveness of obesity treatment. Medicine. 2011;39 (1) :14-17.

85.  Welbourn R, Pournaras D. Bariatric surgery: a cost-effective intervention for morbid obesity; functional and nutritional outcomes. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010; 69(4):528-35.

86.  Padwal R, Klarenbach S, Wiebe N, et al. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review of the clinical and economic evidence. J Gen Intern Med. 2011;26(10):1183-94.

87.  Villamizar N, Pryor AD. Safety effectiveness and cost effectiveness of metabolic surgery in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Obes. 2011; 2011:790683.

88.  Finkelstein EA1, Allaire BT, DiBonaventura MD, Burgess SM. Direct and indirect costs and potential cost savings of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding among obese patients with diabetes. J Occup Environ Med. 2011;53(9):1025-9.

89.  Mundbjerg L, Thomsen GF, Holst R, Juhl C. Gastric bypass surgery does not affect employment status-a nationwide register study. J Diabetes. 2013; 5 (Suppl 1): pp 157.

90.  Keating CL, Moodie ML, Bulfone L, et al. Healthcare utilization and costs in severely obese subjects before bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012; 20(12):2412-9.

91.  Keating CL,  Peeters A, Swinburn BA, et al. Pharmaceutical utilisation and costs before and after bariatric surgery. Int J Obes. 2013;37:1467-72.

92.  Svacina S. Influence of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes therapy (pharmacoeconomic evaluation).  Obesity Facts. 2012 ;5:222.

93.  Crémieux PY, Ledoux S, Clerici C, et al. The impact of bariatric surgery on comorbidities and medication use among obese patients. Obes Surg. 2010; 20(7):861-70.

94.  Karim MA, Clifton E, Ahmed J, et al. Economic evaluation of bariatric surgery to combat morbid obesity: A study from the West of Scotland. Asian J Endosc Surg. 2013;6(3):197-202.

95.  Borg S, Näslund I, Persson U, Odegaard K. Budget impact analysis of surgical treatment for obesity in Sweden. Scand J Surg. 2012;101(3):190-7.

96.  Vidal P, Ramón JM, Goday A, et al. Lack of Adherence to Follow-Up Visits After Bariatric Surgery: Reasons and Outcome. Obes Surg. 2014;24(2):179-83

97.  Karim MA, Ahmed J, Arneil C, Ali A. Utilization of hospital services by obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Surg Today. 2013;43(10):1129-33.

98.  Khawali C, Ferraz MB, Zanella MT, Ferreira SR. Willingness to pay as patient preference to bariatric surgery. Health Expect. 2014 ;17(1):73-81.

99.  Salgado W, Pitanga KC, Santos JS, et al.  Costs of bariatric surgery in a teaching hospital and the financing provided by the Public Unified Health System. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. 2010;25(2):201-5.

100. Sussenbach SP, Padoin AV, Silva EN, et al. Economic benefits of bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2012; 22(2):266-70.

101. Yan C, Chuck A. Economic burden of obesity and the impact of bariatric surgery on health care costs and utilization. Value in Health. 2012;15 (4) :A74.

102. Gill RS, Majumdar SR, Wang X, et al. Prioritization and willingness to pay for bariatric surgery: the patient perspective. Can J Surg. 2014 ;57(1):33-9

103. Alfonso-Cristancho R, Flum D, Garrison LP, et al. A payer-based financial model of bariatric surgery for morbid obesity. Obesity. 2011;19 :S123.

104. Bleich SN, Chang HY, Lau B, et al. Impact of bariatric surgery on health care utilization and costs among patients with diabetes. Med Care. 2012 ; 50(1):58-65.

105. Ghiassi S, Morton J, Bellatorre N, Eisenberg D. Short-term medication cost savings for treating hypertension and diabetes after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012; 8(3):269-74.

106. Ewing BT, Thompson MA, Wachtel MS, Frezza EE. A cost-benefit analysis of bariatric surgery on the South Plains region of Texas. Obes Surg. 2011; 21(5):644-9.

107.       Maciejewski ML, Smith VA, Livingston EH, et al. Health care utilization and expenditure changes associated with bariatric surgery. Medical Care. 2010;48(11):989-98.

108.       Makary MA, Clark JM, Shore AD, et al. Medication utilization and annual health care costs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after bariatric surgery. Arch Surg. 2010;145(8):726-31.

109.       Mason RJ, Moroney JR, Berne TV. The cost of obesity for nonbariatric inpatient operative procedures in the United States: National cost estimates obese versus nonobese patients. Ann Surg. 2013;258(4):541-53.

110.       Slater BJ, Bellatorre N, Eisenberg D. Early postoperative outcomes and medication cost savings after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Obes. 2011; 2011:350523.

111.       Turchiano M, Labrador L, Navie L, Parikh M. Does weight loss afforded by bariatric surgery improve employment status of unemployed severely obese individuals? Surg Obes Relat Dis.  2011;7 (3):365

112.       Roubik L, Borovský, J. Assessment of morbid obesity treatment cost efficiency in the Czech Republic. Diabetologie Metabolismus Endokrinologie Vyziva. 2012; 15 (3):201-6.

113.       Johnston RAD, Caines K,  Mulvey-Goldsmith R, et al. Financial impact of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on direct costs of diabetes-related medication in a UK population. Diabet Med. 2011;28 :167-8.

114.       Zanela OO, Cabra HA,  Anaya P, et al. Use of a discrete event simulation model to estimate long term economic outcomes of bariatric surgery in morbidly-obese type-2 diabetic patients in Mexico. Value in Health. 2011;14 (7) :A568.

115.       Zanela OO, Cabra HA, Melendez G, et al. Economic evaluation of bariatric surgery in Mexico using discrete event simulation. Values in Health Regional Issues. 2012; 1 (2):172-9.

116.       Finkelstein  E, Allaire B, Burgess S,  Hale B. The direct and indirect cost implications of coverage for Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB). Obesity Surgery. 2010;20:983.

117.       Finkelstein EA, Allaire BT, Dibonaventura MD, Burgess SM. Incorporating indirect costs into a cost-benefit analysis of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Value in Health. 2012;15(2):299-304.

118.       Finkelstein EA, Allaire BT, Globe D, Dixon JB. The business case for bariatric surgery revisited: a non-randomized case-control study. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e75498.

119.       Klein S, Ghosh A, Cremieux PY, et al. Economic impact of the clinical benefits of bariatric surgery in diabetes patients with BMI >=35 kg/m2. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011;19(3) :581-7.

120.       Mullen DM, Marr TJ. Longitudinal cost experience for gastric bypass patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010; 6(3):243-8

121.       Myers VH, McVay MA, Adams CE. Actual medical and pharmacy costs for bariatric surgery: 6-year follow-up. South Med J. 2012;105(10):530-7.

122.       Perryman MR, Gleghorn V. Obesity-related costs and the economic impact of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding procedures: benefits in the Texas Employees Retirement System. J Med Econ. 2010;13(2):339-50.

123.    Sharifi A, Farshchi A, Naghavi M, Esteghamati A. Obesity and weight change effects on health care costs of diabetes: A systematic review study. Value in Health. 2012 ;15(4) :A177.

124.    Bierl M, Marsh T, Webber L. Apples and oranges: A comparison of costing methods for obesity. Obes Rev. 2013;14 (9) :693-706.

125.    Shi X, Karmali S, Sharma AM, Birch DW. A review of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity.  Obes Surg. 2010; 20(8) :1171-7.

126.    Maglione MA, Gibbons MM, Livhits M, et al. Bariatric surgery and nonsurgical therapy in adults with metabolic conditions and a body mass index of 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m².  Comparative Effectiveness Reviews.  No. 82 . Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2013 Jun. Report No.: 12(13)-EHC139-EF,

127.    Budget impact review

128.    National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. 1998.

129.    American Gastroenterological Association. Medical position statement on Obesity. Gastroenterology. 2002;3:879-81.

130.    Lee W-J. Consensus of Asian Diabetic Surgery Summit (ADSS) and APBSS. 2005. Available at http://plaza.umin.ne.jp/jsto/information/ifso_apc/jp/program_overview/shoroku/ifso_c.pdf.

131.    The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract (SSAT). SSAT Patient Care Guidelines: Surgery for Obesity. 2005. Available at http://www.ssat.com/cgi-bin/guidelines_SurgeryObesity_EN.cgi Accessed October 19, 2014.

132.    Snow V, Barry P, Fitterman N, et al, Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians. Pharmacologic and Surgical Management of Obesity in Primary Care: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:525-31.

133.    National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Web site. Obesity: Guidance on the prevention, identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in adults and children. 2006. Available at http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg43/chapter/guidance. Accessed October 19, 2014.

134.    Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) Web site. Bariatric Surgery for the Treatment of Morbid Obesity: Guidelines. 2008.  Available at http://www.cadth.ca/media/pdf/htis/Bariatric%20Surgery%20for%20Patients%20with%20Morbid%20Obesity%20Guidelines.pdf. Accessed October 19, 2014.

135.    Society for American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons. SAGES guideline for clinical application of laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Surg Endosc. 2008;22(10):2281-300.

136.    Haute Autorite De Sante (HAS). Obesity Surgery in Adults: Information for the General Practitioner. 2009. Available at  http://www.has-sante.fr/portail/upload/docs/application/pdf/2010-11/obesity_surgery_-_guidelines.pdf. Accessed October 19, 2014.

137.    Working Group of the Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood and Juvenile Obesity. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood and Juvenile Obesity. Quality Plan for the Spanish National Healthcare System of the Spanish Ministry for Health and Social Policy; Catalan Agency for Health Technology Assessment, 2009. Clinical Practice Guideline: CAHTA no. 2007/25.

138.    Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Management of Obesity. A national clinical guideline. 2010. Available at http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign115.pdf. Accessed October 19, 2014.

139.    International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Bariatric surgery: an IDF statement for obese Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2011 ;28(6):628-42.

140.    Kasama K, Mui W, Lee WJ et al. IFSO-APC consensus statements 2011. Obes Surg. 2012;22(5):677-84.

141.    Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWIG). Treatment of obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - Guideline synopsis  and supplementary search for  and assessment of systematic  reviews. IQWiG Reports - Commission No. V09-02. 2012.

142.    Canadian Health Institute for Health Information. Bariatric Surgery in Canada Report. May 2014.  Available at https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/Bariatric_Surgery_in_Canada_EN.pdf . Accessed October 19, 2014.

143.    Department of Veterans Affairs/ Department of Defense. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for screening and management of  overweight and obesity. 2014. Available at http://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/CD/obesity/VADoDCPGManagementOfOverweightAndObesityFINAL070714.pdf . Accessed October 19, 2014.

144.    Obesity: Identification, assessment and management of overweight and obesity in children, young people and adults. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) draft guideline for consultation. July 11 2014.

145.    Department of Veterans Affairs/ Department of Defense. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for screening and management of  overweight and obesity. 2006.

146.    Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC, Australia). Review of items for the surgical treatment of obesity. 2011.

147.    Stephenson M, Hogan S. The safety, effectiveness and cost effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical interventions for patients with morbid obesity. New Zealand Health Technology Assessment Brief. 2007. Availabe at www.otago.ac.nz/christchurch/otago014009.pdf .  Accessed October 19, 2014.

148.    Bockelbrink A, Stober E, Roll S, et al. Evaluation of medical and health economic effectiveness of bariatric surgery (obesity surgery) versus conservative strategies in adult patients with morbid obesity. GMS Health Technol Assess. 2008 ;4:Doc 06.

149.    Fischer S, Zechmeister-Koss I, Huic M. Duodeno-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) for patients with obesity, with/without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Decision Support Document 67.  Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Health Technol Assess. 2013.

150.    National Health Service Quality Improvement Scotland. Bariatric surgery in adults. Evidence Notes. 2010; 19:1-7.

151.    National Health Service Quality Improvement Scotland. What is the relative clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and safety of different bariatric surgery techniques (gastric bypass, gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy)? Technologies Scoping Report.  2012; 6:1-7.

152.    Colquitt JL, Pickett K, Loveman E, Frampton GK. Surgery for weight loss in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014, Issue 8. Art. No.: CD003641.

153.    Bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity. Brazilian Health Technology Assessment Bulletin. 2008; 3(5): 1-11.

154.    Pichon RA, Augustovski F, Ferrante D, et al. Usefulness of surgical treatments for obesity. Ciudad de Buenos Aires: Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS) 2004.

155.    Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Bariatric surgery for obese patients with co-morbidities: A review of clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and guidelines. 2013; 1-47.

156.    Klarenbach S, Padwal R, Wiebe N, et al. Bariatric Surgery for Severe Obesity: Systematic Review and Economic Evaluation. Ottawa: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2010 (Technology report;  no. 129).

157.    Medical Advisory Secretariat. Bariatric Surgery: An Evidence-Based Analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2005; 5(1): 1–148.

158.    Medical Advisory Secretariat (2009b). Bariatric Surgery for People with Diabetes and Morbid Obesity: an evidence-based analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2009;9(22):1–23.

159.    Medical Advisory Secretariat (2009c). Application of the Ontario Diabetes Economic Model (ODEM) to Determine the Cost-effectiveness and Budget Impact of Selected Type 2 Diabetes Interventions in Ontario. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2009; 9(25):1–21.

160.    Ontario Health Technology Advisory Committee (OHTAC). OHTAC Recommendation: Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. 2010.

161.    Blue Cross/Blue Shield Technology Evaluation Center. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding in Patients with Body Mass Index Less Than 35 kg/m2 with Weight-Related Comorbidity. 2012; 27(3):1-5.

162.    Blue Cross/Blue Shield Technology Evaluation Center. Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Diabetes and Body Mass Index Less than 35 kg/m2. 2012 ;27(2): 1-30.

163.    Habermann EB, Durham SB, Dorman R, et al. Trends in bariatric surgery in Medicare beneficiaries. Data Points # 17. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; November 2012. AHRQ Publication No. 12-EHC104-EF.

164.    Tice JA. Laparoscopic Adjustable Silicone Gastric Banding for Obesity. California Technology Assessment Forum. 2009.

165.    Tice JA. Bariatric Surgery For The Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. California Technology Assessment Forum. 2012.

166.    Walsh J. Sleeve Gastrectomy as a Stand-Alone Bariatric Procedure for Obesity. California Technology Assessment Forum. 2010.

167.     Segal JB, Clark JM, Shore AD. Prompt Reduction in Use of Medications for Comorbid Conditions after Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg. 2009; 19(12):1646-56.

168.    Aetna. Clinical Policy Bulletin: Obesity Surgery. 2014. Available at http://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/100_199/0157.html. Accessed August 5, 2014.

169.    CIGNA.Healthcare Coverage Position: Bariatric Surgery. 2006. Available at https://my.cigna.com/teamsite/health/provider/medical/procedural/coverage_positions/medical/mm_0051_coveragepositioncriteria_bariatric_surgery.pdf. Accessed August 5, 2014.

170.    United Health Care (UHC). Medical policy: Bariatric Surgery. 2014. Available at https://www.unitedhealthcareonline.com/ccmcontent/ProviderII/UHC/en-US/Assets/ProviderStaticFiles/ProviderStaticFilesPdf/Tools%20and%20Resources/Policies%20and%20Protocols/Medical%20Policies/Medical%20Policies/Bariatric_Surgery.pdf. Accessed August 5, 2014

171.    Healthy Lives. Healthy People.  A call to action for England. Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213720/dh_130487.pdf. Accessed October 19, 2014.

172.    Rubio MA, Martínez C,  Vida O, et al. Documento de consenso sobre cirugía bariátrica. Rev Esp Obes 2004;4:223-49.

173.    Chiu CC, Wang JJ, Tsai TC, et al. The relationship between volume and outcome after bariatric surgery: a nationwide study in Taiwan. Obes Surg. 2012; 22(7):1008-15.

174.    Lazzati A, Guy-Lachuer R, Delaunay V, et al. Bariatric surgery trends in France: 2005–2011. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014;10(2):328-34.

175.    Weiner R, El-Sayes I, Manger T, et al. Antidiabetic efficacy of obesity surgery in Germany: a quality assurance nationwide survey. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014;10(2):322-7.

176.    Jacobsen HJ, Bergland A, Raeder J, Gislason HG. High-volume bariatric surgery in a single center: safety quality cost-efficacy and teaching aspects in 2 000 consecutive cases. Obes Surg. 2012;22(1):158-66.

177.    Vidal J. Results after implementation of a clinical pathway in obesity surgery. Obes Surg. 2012;22 (8):1152.

178.    Afoke J, Agrawal S, Edmond J, et al. Effect of source of funding on weight loss up to 3 years after gastric banding. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(4):1219-24.

179.     Patterson L, Kee F, Hughes C, O'Reilly D. The relationship between BMI and the prescription of anti-obesity medication according to social factors: a population cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:87.

180.    Kelles SM, Barreto SM, Guerra HL. Costs and usage of healthcare services before and after open bariatric surgery. Sao Paulo Med J. 2011;129(5):291-9.

181.    Gregory DM, Temple Newhook J, Twells LK. Patients’ perceptions of waiting for bariatric surgery: a qualitative study. Int J Equity Health. 2013;12:86.

182.    Martin AR, Klemensberg J, Klein LV, et al. Comparison of public and private bariatric surgery services in Canada. Can J Surg. 2011;54(3):154-69.

183.    Dimick JB, Nicholas LH, Ryan AM, et al. Bariatric surgery complications before vs after implementation of a national policy restricting coverage to centers of excellence. JAMA. 2013;309(8):792-9.

184.    Flum DR, Kwon S, MacLeod K, et al . The use safety and cost of bariatric surgery before and after Medicare's national coverage decision. Ann Surg. 2011; 254(6):860-5.

185.    Khan MS, Afthinos JN, Gibbs KE.  Factors predicting in-hospital mortality in bariatric surgery: An analysis from the national inpatient sample database. Surg Endos. 2013;27 (pp S287).

186.    Kim K, White V, Buffington CK. Utilization rate of bariatric surgery in an employee-based healthcare system following surgery coverage. Obes Surg. 2010; 20(11):1575-8.

187.    Kwon S, Wang B, Wong E, et al . The impact of accreditation on safety and cost of bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012 ;215 (3 SUPPL. 1) :S102.

188.    Lee JS, Sheer JLO, Lopez N, Rosenbaum S. Coverage of obesity treatment: a state-by-state analysis of Medicaid and state insurance laws. Public Health Rep. 2010;125(4):596–604.

189.    Martin M, Beekley A, Kjorstad R, Sebesta J. Socioeconomic disparities in eligibility and access to bariatric surgery: a national population-based analysis. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010;6(1):8-15.

190.    Nguyen NT, Hohmann S, Slone J, et al. Improved bariatric surgery outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries after implementation of the Medicare national coverage determination. Arch Surg. 2010;145(1):72-8.

191.    Nguyen NT, Nguyen B, Nguyen VQ, et al. Outcomes of bariatric surgery performed at accredited vs nonaccredited centers. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215(4):467-74

192.    Nguyen NT, Nguyen B, Smith B, et al. Proposal for a bariatric mortality risk classification system for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2013;9(2):239-46.

193.    Sudan R, Winegar D, Thomas S, Morton J. Influence of ethnicity on the efficacy and utilization of bariatric surgery in the USA. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014 ;18(1):130-6.

194.    Torrente JE, Cooney RN, Rogers AM, Hollenbeak CS. Importance of hospital versus surgeon volume in predicting outcomes for gastric bypass procedures. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2013;9(2):247-52.

195.    Buchwald H, Oien DM. Metabolic/bariatric surgery worldwide 2011. Obes Surg. 2013;23(4):427-36.

196.    Chevallier JM. [From bariatric to metabolic surgery: 15 years  experience in a French university hospital]. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2010;194:25-36; discussion 36-8. [Article in French]

197.    Christou NV. Access to bariatric (metabolic) surgery in Canada. Can J Diabetes. 2011;35:123-128.

198.    Dumon KR, Murayama KM. Bariatric surgery outcomes. Surg Clin North Am. 2011;91(6):1313-38.

199.    Richards NG, Beekley AC, Tichansky DS. The economic costs of obesity and the impact of bariatric surgery. Surg Clin North Am. 2011;91(6):1173-80, vii-viii.

200.    National Institute for Health (NIH).  Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Systematic Evidence Review From the Obesity Expert Panel, 2013. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-pro/guidelines/in-develop/obesity-evidence-review/obesity-evidence-review.docx.

201.    American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2014. Diabetes Care.  2014;37(suppl 1): S14-S80.

202.    Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Decision Memo for Bariatric Surgery for the Treatment of Morbid Obesity - Facility Certification Requirement. 2013. Available at http://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/nca-proposed-decision-memo.aspx?NCAId=266&NcaName=Bariatric+Surgery+for+the+Treatment+of+Morbid+Obesity+-+Facility+Certification+Requirement&TimeFrame=7&DocType=All&bc=AQAAIAAACAAAAA%3D%3D&. Accessed August 5, 2014. 

203.    Chawla AS, Tao C, Faulkner EC, et al. Role Of Patients In Sharing The Decision To Undertake Bariatric Surgery For Treatment Of Obesity – A Global Market Perspective. PDB118; ISPOR 19th Annual International Meeting, May 31- June 4, 2014, Montreal, QC, Canada

204.    Yoong SL, Carey ML, Sanson-Fisher RW, D'Este CA. A cross-sectional study assessing Australian general practice patients' intention, reasons and preferences for assistance with losing weight.  BMC Fam Pract. 2013;14:187.

205.    Nadalini L, Zenti MG, Masotto L, et al. Improved Quality of Life after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients. Interdisciplinary group of bariatric surgery of Verona (G.I.C.O.V.). G Chir. 2014;35(7-8):161-4.

206.    Henretta MS, Copeland AR, Kelley SL, et al. Perceptions of obesity and cancer risk in female bariatric surgery candidates: highlighting the need for physician action for unsuspectingly obese and high risk patients. Gynecol Oncol. 2014;133(1):73-7.

207.    Lebrun LA, Chowdhury J, Sripipatana A, et al. Overweight/obesity and weight-related treatment among patients in U.S. federally supported health centers. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2013;7(5):e377-90.

208.    Santry HP, Gillen DL, Lauderdale DS. Trends in bariatric surgical procedures. JAMA. 2005;3:1909–1917.

209.    Wallace AE, Young-Xu Y, Hartley D, Weeks WB. Racial, socioeconomic, and rural–urban disparities in obesity-related bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2010;3:1354–1360.

210.    Korda RJ, Joshy G, Jorm LR, et al. Inequalities in bariatric surgery in Australia: findings from 49,364 obese participants in a prospective cohort study. Med J Aust. 2012 Dec 10;197(11):631-6.

211.    Starfield B. Reinventing Primary Care: Lessons From Canada For The United States. Health Affairs, 29, no.5 (2010):1030-1036

212.    Runkel N, Colombo-Benkmann M,  Hüttl TP. Evidence-based German guidelines for surgery for obesity. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2011;26:397–404.

213.    Cohen RV, Rubino F, Schiavon C, Cummings DE. Diabetes remission without weight loss after duodenal bypass surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8(5):e66-8.

214.    Pham S, Gancel A, Scotte M, et al.  Comparison of the effectiveness of four bariatric surgery procedures in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study. J Obes. 2014;2014:638203. .

215.    Halperin F, Ding SA, Simonson DC, et al. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery or lifestyle with intensive medical management in patients with type 2 diabetes: feasibility and 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2014;149(7):716-26

216.    Ren Y, Yang W, Yang J, Wang C. Effect of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass with Different Pouch Size in Chinese T2DM Patients with BMI 30-35 kg/m2. Obes Surg. 2014 Sep 19.

217.    Cohen R, Caravatto PP, Petry T. Metabolic Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with a BMI of <35 kg/m(2): A Surgeon's Perspective. Obes Surg. 2013;23(6):809-18.

218.    Ngiam KY, Lee WJ, Lee YC, Cheng A. Efficacy of metabolic surgery on HbA1c decrease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with BMI <35 kg/m2--a review. Obes Surg. 2014;24(1):148-58.

219.    Noun R, Chakhtoura G, Nasr M, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for mildly obese patients (Body Mass Index of 30 <35 kg/m²): operative outcome and short-term results. J Obes. 2012;2012:813650.

220.    Abbatini F, Capoccia D, Casella G, et al. Type 2 diabetes in obese patients with body mass index of 30-35 kg/m2: sleeve gastrectomy versus medical treatment. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8(1):20-4.

221.    Sjöström L, Narbro K, Sjöström CD, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(8):741-52.

222.    Shah PS, Todkar JS, Shah SS. Effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on glycemic control in obese Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010;6(2):138-41.

223.    Ionut V, Bergman RN. Mechanisms responsible for excess weight loss after bariatric surgery. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011;5(5):1263-82.

224.    Powell MS, Fernandez AZ Jr. Surgical treatment for morbid obesity: the laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Clin North Am. 2011;91(6):1203-24..

225.    Ravesloot MJ, Hilgevoord AA, van Wagensveld BA, de Vries N. Assessment of the effect of bariatric surgery on obstructive sleep apnea at two postoperative intervals. Obes Surg. 2014;24(1):22-31.

226.    Sjöström L, Peltonen M, Jacobson P, et al. Association of bariatric surgery with long-term remission of type 2 diabetes and with microvascular and macrovascular complications. JAMA. 2014;311(22):2297-304.

227.    Bolen SD, Chang HY, Weiner JP, et al. Clinical outcomes after bariatric surgery: a five-year matched cohort analysis in seven US states. Obes Surg. 2012;22(5):749-63.

228.    Christou NV, Sampalis JS, Liberman M, et al. Surgery decreases long-term mortality, morbidity, and health care use in morbidly obese patients. Ann Surg. 2004;240(3):416-23.

229.    Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kashyap SR. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):682.

230.    Arterburn D, Bogart A, Coleman KJ, et al. Comparative effectiveness of bariatric surgery vs. nonsurgical treatment of type 2 diabetes among severely obese adults. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2013;7(4):e258-68.

231.    Huang C, Shabbir A, Lo CH,et al. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for the Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Patients with Body Mass Index of 25–35. Obes Surg. 2011;21:1344–9.

232.    Li Q, Chen L, Yang Z, Ye Z, et al. Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetic patients with body mass index <35 kg/m2. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14(3):262-70

233.    Newbold RR. Impact of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals on the development of obesity. Hormones. 2010;9:206-17.

234.    Druet C, Ong KK. Early childhood predictors of adult body composition. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;22:489-502.

235.    Flodgren G, Deane K, Dickinson HO. Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in overweight and obese people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD000984.

236.    Germani G, Lazzaro S, Gnoato F, et al. Nonadherent behaviors after solid organ transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2011;43:318-23

237.    Spertus JA, Kettelkamp R, Vance C, et al. Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of premature discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy after drug-eluting stent placement: results from the PREMIER registry. Circulation. 2006;113:2803-9.